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РЕШУ ЦТ — английский язык
Вариант № 8636
1.  
i

In the early 19th century an amazing thing happened in America. Nearly half a million people left their homes and headed West along what was called 'the Oregon Trail', a path across the country to California and Oregon. The men and women (1) ... from poverty and hardship in the East. How did they find out about the opportunities that existed in the West? It seems that travellers who (2) ... there on trading expeditions brought back stories of warmer winters and of good farming land that was being given away by the government. Then, in 1849, news (3) ... that men (4) ... gold in California. In the early 1850s, people (5) ... to reach the West. On the journey, they met many dangers. Many settlers didn't reach the West alive. But change (6) ... to the American West. By 1870, a new railway (7) ... and the Oregon Trail had become a part of history.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (1).

1) were escaped
2) had been escaped
3) were escaping
4) have escaped
2.  
i

No criminal ever believes that he (1) ... but it seems that some are trying to make crime detection as easy as possible for the police. In Japan, a country which (2) ... famous for its peaceful citizens, one robber burst into a shop and demanded money. But as he (3) ... himself in the CCTV camera (си­сте­ма ви­део­на­блю­де­ния), he changed his mind and asked the shop workers to call the police. Everything had been going fine, he said later, until he realised he (4) ... to put on his mask. And have you heard about the two British men who tried to rob a shop? Unfortunately, they hadn't cut eyeholes in the woollen masks they (5) ... . While they were trying to find the counter, they bumped into each other and knocked each other unconscious. "Don't worry," said the owner when the men came round, "I (6) ... the police and they'll be here in a few minutes. Would you like a cup of tea while you (7) ...?"

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (2).

1) is long
2) is long being
3) was long been
4) has long been
3.  
i

Egypt's prehistoric sites are at risk from tourism. Experts believe that if urgent measures (1) ..., no prehistoric sites in Egypt (2) ... unharmed. Many prehistoric sites in the desert have already been lost to development projects. Now tourists (3) ... the country's remaining prehistoric sites faster than scientists can save them. In the far southwest of the desert is the "Valley of Pictures'. Two main caves in the valley (4) ... hundreds of paintings that date from between 7000 and 5000 BC. According to archaeologists, tourists (5) ... water over the figures to make them easily visible. Water (6) ... the surface of the paintings to break off in small thin pieces. "The paintings (7) ... in no time, says one expert. He adds: "The desert is under threat. This area has to be conserved."

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (3).

1) are destroying
2) are destroyed
3) have been destroyed
4) are being destroyed
4.  
i

No one knows who invented maps, or when or even where. The oldest known examples date back over 4,000 years, but the idea may be far older. It is not surprising that maps (1) ... many travellers to great achievements. It is almost impossible to look at a map without wondering what (2) ... in the place on it. Countless explorers have been inspired by maps to test the truth of what the maps describe and explore their frontiers. However, the lack of accurate maps almost (3) ... to a mutiny (мятеж) aboard Columbus‟s ship in 1492. More recently there was a near disaster during the Apollo space mission. The astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin came frightfully close to crashing into a huge crater that lunar cartographers (4) ... to mark. Even now, cartographers (5) ... the world. Some jungle-covered areas of South and Central America haven‟t yet been mapped in full detail. We (6) ... better maps of other planets than we do of our own. Many years (7) ... before we have an atlas of the Earth as good as the one we have for the Moon.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вставь­те на место про­пус­ка (4) про­пу­щен­ное слово.

1) have failed
2) had failed
3) were failing
4) were failed
5.  
i

Hi, Rob!

How are you doing? I'm OK. My day didn't start too well though. My alarm didn't go off and I (1) ... . (My mum (2) ... to work early today so she wasn't around in the morning to get me up.) Then I got held up on the way to school because the bus I was on (3) ... down. When I finally made it into class, I (4) ... off by the teacher and had to stay on after school for a detention (остав­ле­ние после урока)! Then on the way back home I bumped into Craig. He (5) ... a few family dramas to deal with recently. Apparently his dad has been laid off from the bank where he worked and his sister (6) ... out of the university so they're both at home feeling miserable.

What are you up to at the weekend? A few of us (7) ... together for a game of beach volleyball. Why don't you come along?

Archie

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (5).

1) will have
2) was having
3) has had
4) has
6.  
i

No one knows who invented maps, or when or even where. The oldest known examples date back over 4,000 years, but the idea may be far older. It is not surprising that maps (1) ... many travellers to great achievements. It is almost impossible to look at a map without wondering what (2) ... in the place on it. Countless explorers have been inspired by maps to test the truth of what the maps describe and explore their frontiers. However, the lack of accurate maps almost (3) ... to a mutiny (мятеж) aboard Columbus‟s ship in 1492. More recently there was a near disaster during the Apollo space mission. The astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin came frightfully close to crashing into a huge crater that lunar cartographers (4) ... to mark. Even now, cartographers (5) ... the world. Some jungle-covered areas of South and Central America haven‟t yet been mapped in full detail. We (6) ... better maps of other planets than we do of our own. Many years (7) ... before we have an atlas of the Earth as good as the one we have for the Moon.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вставь­те на место про­пус­ка (6) про­пу­щен­ное слово.

1) are still possessed
2) still possess
3) have still possessed
4) still possessed
7.  
i

Budapest is one of the most beautiful cities in Europe. Its many attractions include the Children's Railway, which is different from other railways because this train line (1) ... by youngsters aged 10 to 14. It (2) ... passengers through the beautiful forest parks of the Buda Hills ever since it (3) ... up in 1948.

Today, the railway (4) ... approximately 300,000 people a year on the 11-kilometre journey through the hills. Only young people who (5) ... successfully a special four-month training course are allowed to work there. The railway operates daily, and the young workers have to take one day off school every two weeks to participate. As long as their schoolwork (6) ... , their involvement is encouraged. Similar railways have been set up in other parts of the world, including Russia and Bulgaria, but the Budapest Children's Railway remains one of the largest and most popular trains of its kind that (7) ... passengers.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (7).

1) is ever transporting
2) has ever transported
3) was ever transported
4) is ever transported
8.  
i

At (1) ... early age Robert Burns, Scotland's greatest poet, had to help his father on his farm. When he was twenty-two, he went to Irvine, where he began to learn about making cloth. Shortly after his arrival, the factory in which he was training was destroyed (2) ... fire so he started (3) ... farm with his younger brother. While he was living on the farm, he concentrated (4) ... writing poems and fell for a local girl, Jean Armour. Robert wanted to marry her but her father would not allow him to do so, probably because he thought Burns was not wealthy enough. Her father's refusal took Robert (5) ... surprise and he decided to leave (6) ... country. Robert had to obtain the fare for the voyage by selling some poems. Just as he was about to leave he was given some advice  — to publish a new edition of the poems he had written. He received a large sum of money for the poetry and was able to get married (7) ... Jean Armour. During his marriage he continued to write the expressive poetry he became famous (8) ... .

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (1).

1) а
2) an
3) the
4) -
9.  
i

An eco-tourism project (1) ... a difference has just been launched in the South Luangwa National Park in Zambia. Tourists will be offered (2) ... chance to encounter a wide range of wildlife and (3) ... great deal more. This project was set (4) ... by the local villagers who were suffering (5) ... a downturn in the national economy. They decided to raise money themselves to cover the cost of educational and welfare projects. Tourists will be invited to live the African Village Experience. The tours are led by English speaking villagers, and visitors can choose (6) ... activities such as meeting the local healer to taking part in cooking or farming. Visitors are also offered (7) ... option (8) ... staying the night in the village.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (2).

1) a
2) an
3) the
4) -
10.  
i

Spare time activities basically fall (1) ... two categories: traditional and modern. Traditional activities include pastimes such as collecting and reading while modern activities involve playing computer games and watching television.

Children often become interested in collecting when they come (2) ... something their parents or grandparents have collected. Although they are keen on collecting when they first start, they very often become fed up with it as soon as they reach (3) ... their late teens.

Nowadays there are many modern activities which are based on modern technology and it is not unusual to find a teenager's bedroom full of computer games. Surfing (4) ... Internet is always popular (5) ... both teenagers and adults. Another pastime which teenagers have (6) ... common with adults is sitting in front of (7) ... television. It is interesting to note that none of these activities involve having (8) ... discussion about important issues - something which was popular in the past.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (3).

1) to
2) at
3) for
4) -
11.  
i

A recent survey has been analysing information about the time that people in the UK take off work because of illness. The study was carried (1) ... in 4,300 businesses around the country. The analysts looked (2) ... the number of absences, when they took place and the reasons given (3) ... them. It was found that Manchester was the city where people took most days off- an average of 11 days a year. People were off the least time of all in London (only 7 days (4) ... average). Employers also claimed that many workers chose to be absent when there was something good (5) ... television. (6) ... most employers thought their employees often did not tell (7) ... truth about why they were taking time off. Bosses said that they believed that less than 10% of (8) ... sick notes they received were genuine.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (4).

1) at
2) in
3) with
4) on
12.  
i

(1) ... young woman was taken to safety (2) ... a helicopter yesterday after getting stuck on a freezing Swiss mountain. She and her climbing partner spent two nights under a simple shelter on a rock 9,800 feet up one of Switzerland's most difficult mountains. The rescued woman, Rachel de Kelsey, admitted yesterday that they would have died if they had had to spend another night there. Their only chance of (3) ... survival was to dig themselves a hole (4) ... the snow behind the rock and hope that they would be found. Miss Kelsey said that she had sent messages (5) ... five friends who she thought might be able to get (6) ... touch with the mountain rescue team. The alarm was eventually raised by a friend in London after he received her text. He contacted (7) ... rescuers who found (8) ... pair but were unable to rescue them immediately because of the storm.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (5).

1) to
2) of
3) from
4) at
13.  
i

Spare time activities basically fall (1) ... two categories: traditional and modern. Traditional activities include pastimes such as collecting and reading while modern activities involve playing computer games and watching television.

Children often become interested in collecting when they come (2) ... something their parents or grandparents have collected. Although they are keen on collecting when they first start, they very often become fed up with it as soon as they reach (3) ... their late teens.

Nowadays there are many modern activities which are based on modern technology and it is not unusual to find a teenager's bedroom full of computer games. Surfing (4) ... Internet is always popular (5) ... both teenagers and adults. Another pastime which teenagers have (6) ... common with adults is sitting in front of (7) ... television. It is interesting to note that none of these activities involve having (8) ... discussion about important issues - something which was popular in the past.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (6).

1) at
2) in
3) for
4) -
14.  
i

(1) ... Globe Theatre is situated on the banks of the River Thames, about 200 metres from the original site of Shakespeare’s 1599 building. It’s a faithful (точ­ный) reconstruction of the open-air playhouse where Shakespeare worked, and for which he wrote many of his greatest plays. Due (2) ... the fact that the theatre is open to the sky, the season is limited (3) ... only six months of the year, running from April to October. The theatre itself is circular in shape and the seated areas are in the lower, middle, and upper galleries. (4) ... addition to the seated galleries, there is an area in front of the stage called the Yard, where visitors can stand and watch the play. Before attending (5) ... a performance, visitors need to bear a certain thing in (6) ... mind. As it is a 16th-century replica, the theatre doesn’t boast any (7) ... the comforts of modern-day life and performances continue whatever (8) ... weather.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (7).

1) with
2) of
3) for
4) to
15.  
i

Imagine the situation: a busy mother is pushing a heavy trolley around a supermarket. Her baby is sitting in the seat and crying (1) ... food, while her two bigger children have become bored and are starting to run (2) ... the shop. They have already spent (3) ... hour in their car, stuck in queues of vehicles waiting to park, and the mother will soon have to carry a large number of bags back to the car. Wouldn't it be a whole lot easier (4) ... the mother to order her shopping (5) ... the Internet? This method of shopping saves time and transport costs, enables you to see (6) ... much greater range of goods, and must surely be a lot less stressful. So why has internet shopping not caught on to (7) ... greater extent? The answer may well be that most people still enjoy leaving their homes to shop. They want to be able to see and touch the goods, try (8) ... clothes before buying them, for example. That is why, in my opinion, internet shopping will never replace conventional shopping.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (7).

1) а
2) an
3) the
4) -
16.  
i

Про­чи­тай­те пред­ло­же­ния. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та.

 

I think you should be... and say exactly what you think.

1) more honest
2) the most honest
3) a lot honester
4) much honest
17.  
i

Про­чи­тай­те пред­ло­же­ния. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та.

 

Many board members said they had no opinion on ... proposal.

1) John and Harry's
2) John's and Harry's
3) John and Harry
4) John's and Harry
18.  
i

Ука­жи­те номер под­черк­ну­то­го фраг­мен­та, в ко­то­ром до­пу­ще­на ошиб­ка.

 

According to a recent survey (1), carried out (2) by the Warwick University, a large majority of students today smokes (3) regularly (4).

1) 1
2) 2
3) 3
4) 4
19.  
i

Ука­жи­те номер под­черк­ну­то­го фраг­мен­та, в ко­то­ром до­пу­ще­на ошиб­ка.

 

There (1) was (2) a number of people at the party (3) who I knew (4).

1) 1
2) 2
3) 3
4) 4
20.  
i

Ука­жи­те номер под­черк­ну­то­го фраг­мен­та, в ко­то­ром до­пу­ще­на ошиб­ка.

 

Nobody can be completely sure about (1) the extent to what (2) people are influenced (3) by what (4) they read in the newspapers.

1) 1
2) 2
3) 3
4) 4
21.  
i

Ука­жи­те номер под­черк­ну­то­го фраг­мен­та, в ко­то­ром до­пу­ще­на ошиб­ка.

 

It's (1) absolutely no excuse for (2) that sort of behaviour, no matter what (3) he did to you (4).

1) 1
2) 2
3) 3
4) 4
22.  
i

Possibly the chilliest place you could ever (1) ... in is the Snow Village Ice Hotel, (2) ... in northern Finland. The hotel (3) ... the warmest of welcomes in the coldest of settings. The walls, ceilings, and furniture  — including the beds  — are all (4) ... from ice, so the indoor temperature stays permanently below zero. Before sending you off to your personal room for the night the hotel (5) ... a mattress, a blanket made of reindeer (се­вер­ный олень) skin, and a thermal sleeping (6) ... . Lying in bed, (7) ... will be impressed by total silence. Slippery surfaces and icy corners are everywhere, and the hotel's lights remain (8) ... on all night. Last time I was there I (9) ... in bed for hours counting reindeer jumping over fences. I finally (10) ... asleep at 5.00 a.m. after enjoying a very brief glimpse of the legendary Northern Lights, magical displays of blue and green light visible in the night sky up to 200 times a year.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (1).

1) leave
2) stay
3) put
4) stand
23.  
i

Attitudes towards shopping have changed dramatically over the last decade or so. Some people argue that we have (1) ... a society of consumers, and that nothing but spending money (2) ... us happy. On the other (3) ... , anyone who has worked hard to (4) ... money surely has the right to spend it on whatever they wish. Provided that we are prepared to save enough of our money for a rainy day, there seems little wrong with using the rest to (5) ... for things that (6) ... us pleasure. The delights of shopping are all too obvious. Attractive displays of food on supermarket shelves, and clothes which look fantastic on shop window models, tempt customers to part with their money, even if they do not actually need the goods they are buying. The real question is: would we all be happier if we were (7) ...? The answer is probably that we can be just as happy with money as we can without it. ERRA, what we should do is (8) ... an effort to return to the things that really (9) ... in life and share what we have worked so (10) ... to get with others less fortunate than ourselves.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (2).

1) makes
2) does
3) changes
4) fills
24.  
i

Climbing Everest and walking up a mountain in Scotland may seem like completely (1) ... activity, but both require (2) ... preparation. (3) ... injury and even death can occur, even on an apparently easy route if a few basic guidelines are not followed. Firstly, and perhaps most importantly, (4) ... the weather forecast before you (5) ... If you have any doubts at all, (6) ... your trip until conditions improve. Ensure that you have the proper equipment. Your list should (7) ... a good pair of walking boots, a thick jumper and a good (8) ... waterproof jacket. Be sure to take food supplies in case you (9) ... against problems on the mountainside and (10) ... having to spend the night there.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (2).

1) exact
2) carefree
3) careful
4) cautious
25.  
i

Imagine you are walking to school listening to music on your MP3 player. All of a (1) ... it stops working and you (2) ... that the batteries have (3) ... out. Wouldn't it be wonderful if you could simply recharge the batteries wherever you are? This might be possible in a few years' time as scientists are now working on a bag that makes electricity. They say that all someone needs to do is (4) ... the bag on their back and start walking. The movement of the body makes electricity in a special part of the bag. This new invention (5) ... like a brilliant idea, doesn't it? Scientists developed the "electric backpack" in order to help soldiers, who often carry around with them torches (фо­на­ри), radios and other equipment.

All these things run on batteries and at the moment, the soldiers (6) ... on these batteries to supply the (7) ... this equipment needs. With the "electric backpack", the soldiers won't need to carry extra batteries around with them. Rescue workers and mountain climbers will also find the bag useful, as will students who don't want their MP3 players to stop working by (8) ... on their way to school.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (1).

1) accident
2) chance
3) possibility
4) sudden
26.  
i

Even the earliest people, who (1) ... the world about four thousand years before Christ, loved art. They produced many (2) ... of art including paintings and sculptures. Pictures were typically (3) ... on the walls of the caves which (4) ... people with shelter. These caves could be described as people's first homes. It seems that people learnt to make dyes or paints from stone very early on in their history. White, for example, was produced from chalk and black from charcoal (уголь). The mineral was (5) ... with water to make the dye. Some communities even heated minerals to produce new colours. Among the most (6) ... cave paintings in Europe are those which were (7) ... in the Lascaux caves in south-west France. They were first (8) ... by schoolboys who were (9) ... the caves. The paintings show pictures of animals such as bulls, cows, deer and horses. The pictures are very lifelike, showing that the artists had studied their subjects very (10) ... .

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (5).

1) confused
2) placed
3) mixed
4) united
27.  
i

Hollywood is associated with fame, fortune and glamour. Every year, thousands of young people (1) ... up there, hoping that a producer will spot them and think they have that special something that audiences want to see. Unfortunately, most of them are (2) ... on a journey that leads to disappointment. Take a (3) ... round Los Angeles and ask any waiter or waitress and they will tell you that they are only working there for the time being, until they get their break in films. A combination of failure and economic problems usually means that they eventually (4) ... up their minds to leave and return to the small town they came from, without having made their fortune.

Before you come to the (5) ... that a life in film is for you, ask yourself carefully if you are ready for that change of direction. You'll have to travel and live for a long time at your own (6) ..., working in jobs that provide you with a low (7) ..., with only the occasional glimpse of a star to (8) ... you where you want to be.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (3).

1) voyage
2) cruise
3) tour
4) route
28.  
i

Years ago, back in the days when I was just a kid, my family used to have Sunday picnics together in a nearby part of the countryside. We would (1) ... a suitably quiet and pleasant spot, then (2) ... several hours chatting, eating and playing games in the (3) ... air. Since then, though, my parents' life has become so busy that they never seem to have the time for outdoor family meals any more. In my (4) ... this is a great pity, so I've recently started to organise picnics of my own. I get in (5) ... with some of my closest friends and first we (6) ... on a suitable place to go. Then we talk about who'll bring which food. This ensures that there will be a (7) ... of tasty things to eat, particularly if everyone makes the meals they do best. It's important, though, to keep the food simple, as everything has to (8) ... into a backpack and then be carried across fields and up river vall's. When we finally (9) ... our destination, it's time to sit down, relax and (10) ... each other's company. And I'm absolutely certain that food tastes better on a picnic than anywhere else!

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (7).

1) lots
2) amount
3) variety
4) many
29.  
i

Until recently, vegetarianism was fairly uncommon in Britain, and it is still (1) ... strange by some. But since the 1960s its popularity has (2) ... greatly, to the extent that high street stores stock a huge (3) ... of products for vegetarians. The reasons people (4) ... for not eating meat are numerous. Perhaps most vegetarians do it for moral reasons, arguing that it is wrong to kill. The opposing point of (5) ... is that it is (6) ... for us to kill for food. Still, there are societies where eating meat is not allowed because it is against their religion. There are other good reasons to (7) ... up meat, one of which is the inefficiency of livestock farming. Although it is, in (8) ... cheaper to eat only vegetables, in practice vegetarianism is most popular in richer countries such as Germany and Britain, where many people exclude meat for health reasons. In these countries, at least, it (9) ... out to be a matter of (10) ... rather than necessity.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (8).

1) idea
2) matter
3) opinion
4) theory
30.  
i

Don Strange, who works as a vet in northern England, (1) ... a busy life. As well as having to (2) ... pets which are unwell, he often visits farms where problems of various kinds await him. He has (3) ... count of the number of times he has been called out at midnight to give (4) ... to a farmer with sick sheep or cows. Recently, a television company chose Don as the subject of a documentary programme it was making about the life of a country vet. The programme showed the difficult situations Don (5) ... every day. It also showed Don (6) ... a meeting with villagers (7) ... about the damage a new road might (8) ... to their local environment. Viewers loved the documentary and, overnight, Don became a household name, known to millions of people. He continues to receive large numbers of letters which make a real impression on him, especially those from teenagers who have (9) ... the important decision to become vets themselves as a (10) ... of seeing the programme.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (9).

1) made
2) produced
3) received
4) done
31.  
i

Years ago, back in the days when I was just a kid, my family used to have Sunday picnics together in a nearby part of the countryside. We would (1) ... a suitably quiet and pleasant spot, then (2) ... several hours chatting, eating and playing games in the (3) ... air. Since then, though, my parents' life has become so busy that they never seem to have the time for outdoor family meals any more. In my (4) ... this is a great pity, so I've recently started to organise picnics of my own. I get in (5) ... with some of my closest friends and first we (6) ... on a suitable place to go. Then we talk about who'll bring which food. This ensures that there will be a (7) ... of tasty things to eat, particularly if everyone makes the meals they do best. It's important, though, to keep the food simple, as everything has to (8) ... into a backpack and then be carried across fields and up river vall's. When we finally (9) ... our destination, it's time to sit down, relax and (10) ... each other's company. And I'm absolutely certain that food tastes better on a picnic than anywhere else!

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (10).

1) include
2) enjoy
3) engage
4) involve
32.  
i

Вы­бе­ри­те от­вет­ную ре­пли­ку, под­хо­дя­щую по смыс­лу к пред­ло­жен­ной ре­пли­ке-сти­му­лу.

 

They couldn't but refuse him.

1) It's not surprising.
2) Not at all.
3) Not in the least.
4) Nevertheless.
33.  
i

Про­чи­тай­те диа­лог. От­веть­те на во­прос, сле­ду­ю­щий после диа­ло­га, вы­брав один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та.

 

Man: Triathlon? You seem a bit crazy having all these ambitions at 70!

Woman: I’ve never really been that typical ‘stay-at-home’ grandmother.

 

What does the woman mean ?

1) The woman is very ambitious
2) The woman’s behaviour is not typical of her age.
3) The woman does a lot of exercise in spite of her age.
4) The woman does exercise as part of a social event.
34.  
i

Вы­бе­ри­те ре­пли­ку-сти­мул, под­хо­дя­щую по смыс­лу к пред­ло­жен­ной от­вет­ной ре­пли­ке.

 

I would imagine so.

1) What would you do if you won a million?
2) Will it cost a lot?
3) What are you going to do?
4) Can you imagine such a situation?
35.  
i

Рас­по­ло­жи­те ре­пли­ки так, чтобы по­лу­чил­ся связ­ный диа­лог. Вы­бе­ри­те один из пред­ло­жен­ных ва­ри­ан­тов от­ве­та.

 

A.  Is it a difficult language to learn?

B.  What have you been doing in Lebanon since you arrived?

C.  I love it so I wanted to continue doing it here. A lot of Lebanese women want to learn how to belly dance.

D.  Incredibly! Especially the pronunciation. You have to learn to make a lot of new sounds.

E.  You also teach belly dancing here. How did that happen?

F.  Well, I found a fantastic art teacher, and I've been having classes with her since October. She's great and she speaks English, which is lucky because I don't know much Arabic yet.

1) BCAFED
2) BFADEC
3) AFBCED
4) ADBCEF
36.  
i

§ 1. 'Hollywood' is a household name. This small district is the centre of the American film industry and the source of over 2.6 billion yearly cinema ticket sales. Most of the films we watch come straight out of Hollywood. But have you ever heard of 'Bollywood'? It is the name given to the Hindi language film industry based in Mumbai, India. Contrary to popular belief, it far outperforms Hollywood. Last year alone, over 1000 films were produced and 4 billion cinema tickets were sold, showing that Indian cinema is far more powerful than people think.

§ 2. Many likely Bollywood fans are often concerned that they will not be able to understand the language used in the films. But there is no need to worry. Although the scripts have historically been written in Hindi, more and more films use the English language, showing India's respect for the languages that make up its culture. You will also find that most films come with English language subtitles.

§ 3. So what do you get out of a Bollywood film? It is difficult to define a film as belonging to a certain category, because there is no such thing as a typical Bollywood film. The plots can focus on the drama of a love triangle, but they can also be packed with laugh-out-loud comedy or edge-of-your-seat action. The only guarantee is that a Bollywood film won't end without several catchy song and dance routines.

§ 4. Many Bollywood films are over three hours long. Some people might think that this is too long, but there is a good explanation. The film companies say the aim is to give you, the audience, your 'money's worth'. If you are going to spend good money on a ticket, the film should be really exciting.

§ 5. There is no shortage of aspiring young actors and actresses hoping to get a role in the next blockbuster. Big shot movie producers and casting agents are always looking out for new talent. India has its own Brad Pitts and Angelina Jolies  — spectacular actors who ensure you have a truly enjoyable viewing experience!

§ 6. Shilpa Shetty is the perfect example of a Bollywood megastar. A picture of beauty and raw acting talent, she has achieved success beyond the borders of India, most notably in the UK following her appearance on the 'Celebrity Big Brother' TV series. Since then she has turned down roles in several British TV shows. Instead, she has returned to Mumbai and continues to shoot films in the land that made her a star.

§ 7. Once you get into Bollywood, you'll never want to stop watching.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. От­веть­те на во­про­сы.

 

What does the writer say is 'contrary to popular belief'?

1) That more Hollywood films are sold than Bollywood films.
2) That more Bollywood films are sold than Hollywood films.
3) That there are more Hollywood performances each year.
37.  
i

§1. As his feet splash through the warm waters of a huge outdoor pool at Dolphin Cove in the Florida Keys, USA, tenyear-old Jamie has a delighted expression on his face. He suffers from a disability which means he has difficulty communicating with the rest of the world, but the presence of playful dolphins elicits attention and squeals of pleasure. His parents are happy, too. 'In the past, he wouldn't even touch anything solid, and now he's grabbing hold of the dolphin's fin', says May, Jamie's mother. 'It's opening a new world for him.'

§2. The captive dolphins are part of the Dolphin Human Therapy programme, established by Dr David Nathanson, who uses dolphins to help children with mental and physical disabilities. The dolphins are not treated as miracle healers. Instead, the possibility of touching their grey-suede skin or even having a swim with a dolphin is a reward that encourages children like Jamie to respond to their teachers, who sit with the children at the water's edge. The sessions start with the teacher encouraging the child to motion 'hello' to a dolphin, which responds with a shake of its head or fin. The child is offered another chance to play with the dolphin if he or she works hard during the session.

§3. Adults too are attracted to swimming with captive dolphins as well. At a theme park near Orlando, people pay to have a 30-minute swim with them. It is a deeply memorable experience. When a swimmer slides into water alongside a dolphin they can actually feel their skin tingling as the dolphin scans them with sonar (гид­ро­ло­ка­тор). Then with a flip of their powerful tails, the dolphins are off, gliding around effortlessly, clearly observing their human visitors.

§4. Anyone tempted to swim with wild dolphins, however, should be careful. They can have a vicious streak. Male dolphins will sometimes kill baby dolphins, to attract the attention of females. They have also been filmed killing small porpoises (animals similar to dolphins), probably mistaking them for baby dolphins.

§5. Scientists have discovered that dolphins 'talk' to each other, through a form of whistling. The animals practise 'whistle matching', which is when one dolphin whistles and another repeats the sound within three seconds.

§6. Back at Dolphin Cove, the dolphins' contribution to the children's progress is acknowledged. 'I think dolphins are incredible,' says Jeffrey Bicknell, who works with the children. 'I've seen them look at a child and observe what the problem is, and change their behaviour according to the nature of the problem. They are more dominant with some children, more patient with others.'

Jamie benefits from his sessions with the dolphins because

1) he has never been swimming before.
2) he plays with the dolphins in the water.
3) he has always enjoyed being with animals.
38.  
i

§ 1. Believe it or not, I used to read Flight International every week from the age of eight onwards  — my father, an aviation engineer, encouraged my early passion for planes but I never thought that one day I would be working on it as a journalist.

§ 2. Flight International is read by anyone with an interest in aviation. From pilots to manufacturers, technicians to air vice marshals, all are readers looking for the latest news in this sector. As news editor, I'm responsible for deciding what appears on the 20 news pages we produce each week. Aviation is one of the few truly global industries and we have a team of reporters around the world. When I left school, my original plan was to become an engineer. I studied aeronautical engineering at university but found the course rather unsatisfactory. At the time there was a huge recession on with few jobs going, and I was forced to look round for other options. I actually wrote to Flight and asked for a job. The then deputy editor advised me to do a course in journalism which had just been set up, which is what I did.

§ 3. I found the course useful not so much because it gave me a pretty good basic grounding in journalism, but mainly because it focused on several workplacements, which I was able to do at Flight. I wrote a few pieces and got my face known at the magazine. When the course finished there were no jobs available on Flight so I went off and worked for an aviation newsletter. After a year or so the technical reporter at Flight moved to another job and I was in. The great thing for me about working here has been the chance to ask people questions about something I'm genuinely interested in, and to combine it with my other passion, travel. After a couple of years I was offered a job in Munich in Germany,

§ 4. It was fantastic timing as the aviation industry in eastern Europe was just opening up and I got to report on it and see the region. From there I went to Singapore, which again was an extraordinary experience. I got to fly over the Far East, visiting factories, meeting fascinating people and doing interviews, and to be honest I would have been happy to stay there a bit longer.

§ 5. However, jobs like this don't come up very often  — the last news editor stayed ten years - and so when I was offered it, I couldn't really say no. Although I'm much more office-based now, I still go to the big air shows. In some ways I was getting a bit tired of living out of a suitcase, although I still get a thrill when I take my seat on a new plane for the first time. A37. Why did the writer read Flight International when he was a child?

Про­чи­тай­те текст. От­веть­те на во­про­сы.

 

What did the writer like about the journalism course he took?

1) It was a new course.
2) It gave him basic knowledge of the job.
3) It gave him the chance to make contacts at Flight.
39.  
i

§1. As his feet splash through the warm waters of a huge outdoor pool at Dolphin Cove in the Florida Keys, USA, tenyear-old Jamie has a delighted expression on his face. He suffers from a disability which means he has difficulty communicating with the rest of the world, but the presence of playful dolphins elicits attention and squeals of pleasure. His parents are happy, too. 'In the past, he wouldn't even touch anything solid, and now he's grabbing hold of the dolphin's fin', says May, Jamie's mother. 'It's opening a new world for him.'

§2. The captive dolphins are part of the Dolphin Human Therapy programme, established by Dr David Nathanson, who uses dolphins to help children with mental and physical disabilities. The dolphins are not treated as miracle healers. Instead, the possibility of touching their grey-suede skin or even having a swim with a dolphin is a reward that encourages children like Jamie to respond to their teachers, who sit with the children at the water's edge. The sessions start with the teacher encouraging the child to motion 'hello' to a dolphin, which responds with a shake of its head or fin. The child is offered another chance to play with the dolphin if he or she works hard during the session.

§3. Adults too are attracted to swimming with captive dolphins as well. At a theme park near Orlando, people pay to have a 30-minute swim with them. It is a deeply memorable experience. When a swimmer slides into water alongside a dolphin they can actually feel their skin tingling as the dolphin scans them with sonar (гид­ро­ло­ка­тор). Then with a flip of their powerful tails, the dolphins are off, gliding around effortlessly, clearly observing their human visitors.

§4. Anyone tempted to swim with wild dolphins, however, should be careful. They can have a vicious streak. Male dolphins will sometimes kill baby dolphins, to attract the attention of females. They have also been filmed killing small porpoises (animals similar to dolphins), probably mistaking them for baby dolphins.

§5. Scientists have discovered that dolphins 'talk' to each other, through a form of whistling. The animals practise 'whistle matching', which is when one dolphin whistles and another repeats the sound within three seconds.

§6. Back at Dolphin Cove, the dolphins' contribution to the children's progress is acknowledged. 'I think dolphins are incredible,' says Jeffrey Bicknell, who works with the children. 'I've seen them look at a child and observe what the problem is, and change their behaviour according to the nature of the problem. They are more dominant with some children, more patient with others.'

Studies of wild dolphins have shown that some are

1) aggressive towards other dolphins.
2) more unfriendly than they used to be.
3) willing to swim with humans.
40.  
i

1.  Margherita Taylor is the only female presenter at Capital Radio, one of London's top music radio stations. She got into radio while she was a student in Birmingham. Along with hundreds of other hopefuls, she and a friend queued for hours in the rain to take part in a 'Search for a Star' competition held by a local radio station, BRMB. "I had to read a travel script and a weather script, talk about myself for a minute, then introduce a record." Within days the phone call came to say that her voice had earned her a regular show on BRMB. Truly the stuff dreams are made of. After working there for 18 months, she was offered a job with Capital.

2.  Margherita claims never to get nervous before a show. "You can't get nervous because then you make mistakes, she says. Of course, there has been the odd disaster. "For instance, when I did my first live concert show at BRMB, I'd only done one programme. In front of a crowd of 50,000, I went on stage to introduce a certain well-known singer. I said: "Please welcome our next performer. You know her best for hits like." Then I just went blank. There was this silence from the crowd, and for the life of me I couldn't think what she'd sung. That's one occasion that will stay with me for ever."

3.  Margherita says that her own musical tastes are varied. But she doesn't pick her own music for the show. The Capital computer selects the records in advance from a list approved by the station managers. "The station has a certain sound, and if we all picked our own music, it wouldn't sound like Capital," she says."But for someone who likes music, this is a dream job. I get to go to concerts and meet the bands you can hear on my show. It's great to hear the "behind the scenes"gossip."

4.  Most people would expect that a presenter's most important qualities are a nice voice and huge amounts of confidence, but Margherita says that basic maths is handy as well. "You have to make sure that you've got an eye on everything that's going on in the studio, but you've got to be able to add and subtract and think in minutes and seconds," she says. "You're dealing with timed records, and you have to be ready to switch to the news at exactly the right second. If you're going over to a live event, you need to be ready for that on time, not a second earlier or later."

5.  Margherita Taylor is very nice and very easy-going, but very much in control. She is so much a "Capital Radio girl" that you might think she is just doing a good job for the station's publicity department, although you know what she's saying really comes from the heart. She smiles a lot, laughs a lot and is generally a great advert for Capital.

Опре­де­ли­те зна­че­ние ука­зан­но­го слова в тек­сте.

 

approved (3)

1) corrected
2) accepted
3) composed
41.  
i

§ 1. If you've ever thought that talking to someone was a waste of breath, you might be comforted to know that in some cases you are right  — the words we utter have very little effect on people compared with how we say them and what we are doing when we say them.

§ 2. Recent research has shown that in a presentation before a group of people, 55 per cent of the effect on the audience is determined by the body language of the speaker, 38 per cent by their tone of voice and only 7 per cent by the actual content of what is being said. Body language speaks louder than words.

§ 3. So can performance and communication skills really be improved? It would appear so, according to Neuro-Linguistic Programming, or NLP, which was developed in the 1970s by therapist Richard Bandler and linguistics professor John Grinder. They asked: "What makes the difference between someone who is competent at something and someone who is excellent?" They examined the behaviour of people generally considered to be examples of excellence in their respective fields to identify what they were doing consciously (осо­знан­но) and unconsciously. Surprisingly, they discovered patterns of communication which all these high achievers were using to produce consistently positive results. They found that they were able to copy these strategies and achieve similar success, so they developed a way of teaching these skills to other people, a method they called Neuro-Linguistic Programming.

§ 4. They have discovered how people achieve mutual understanding, both consciously and unconsciously, by observing the body language and voice patterns of the person they are talking to. If you're dealing with someone who is painfully shy, you're not going to make a good connection by overwhelming them with your cheerfulness. By matching someone's behaviour we can gain their confidence, achieve a good relationship and improve the quality of communication  — in other words, we can get on someone's wavelength. NLP practitioners claim anyone can learn how to do this, and quite quickly. NLP is all about taking one's unconscious, not very highly developed skills and practising them consciously.

§ 5. Another powerful aspect of NLP is its use of positive thinking. We can become aware of the negative and turn it to the positive. Once it is framed in a positive way as a goal, the brain can begin to cope with it and then apply itself to achieving that outcome. To put it another way, if you don't know where you're going, it makes it harder to get there.

Опре­де­ли­те зна­че­ние ука­зан­но­го слова в тек­сте.

 

confidence (§ 4)

1) trust
2) self-respect
3) attention
42.  
i

§ 1. The moment for Olympic glory and gold occurs once every four years - a moment which becomes the focus for the lives of athletes from all over the world. This one event is their main goal and in order to achieve their dream they are prepared to make any sacrifice. All athletes are selected by their national Olympic Committee to represent their country, and once selected they face two major demands. The first is the mountain of form filling, paperwork and administration. The second is to finalise their preparation for the Games. Most athletes have highly-developed training schedules which enable them to reach the height of their performance for a particular event. However, the Olympics, creates its own timetable and pressures.

§ 2. When I was selected to represent Great Britain, I had approximately a hundred days to prepare. This included finalising training plans, raising nearly £16,000 towards the costs, seeing to travel arrangements and entry forms, and having discussions with my employer about extra time off work to allow me to prepare fully. Throughout my sailing career I had never had the opportunity to become a full-time athlete, so I needed to pursue my business career at the same time as my sporting objectives. However, any top-class athlete in any sport needs a level of business skills when competing at Olympic standard. They need the ability to plan and arrange for all the expenses effectively as well as work towards definite aims.

§ 3. Once you arrive, you stay in the Olympic "Village', which is really a small town housing 15,000 people from every imaginable culture and background. It is fascinating to watch athletes from tiny gymnasts to huge weightlifters and basketball players, and best of all is the excitement at being part of such a select gathering. There are training facilities, souvenir shops, launderettes, a bank and post office, as well as the Village restaurant which seats over 3,000 at one time.

§ 4. So what does it feel like to go to an Olympics? It can be summed up in many ways by the opening ceremony, where thousands of athletes and officials parade wearing their team kit. To most it is an event they will never forget and the honour of just being there is almost magical. And perhaps winning a medal is one of life's major experiences. For me it was the thoughts of family and friends who had all played a part on my road to success, and it felt wonderful. I feel that it is important to try and repay everyone's faith in me by putting something back into the community. I want the younger generation of athletes to benefit in the ways that I did.

Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ва­ри­ант пе­ре­во­да (1, 2 или 3) в со­от­вет­ствии с со­дер­жа­ни­ем тек­ста.

 

Once you arrive, you stay in the Olympic 'Village', ... (§ 3)

1) Как толь­ко вы при­ез­жа­е­те, вы оста­нав­ли­ва­е­тесь в Олим­пий­ской де­рев­не, ... .
2) Од­на­ж­ды вы при­е­де­те и устро­и­тесь в Олим­пий­ской де­рев­не, ... .
3) Когда вы при­е­де­те впер­вые, вы оста­не­тесь в Олим­пий­ской де­рев­не, ... .
43.  
i

I had been invited by Jack and his son John to participate in a film they were making about shark diving. I had been diving and writing about the ocean for a decade and had frequently found myself in the water with sharks. Never intentionally. They just appeared, unwanted. The idea of swimming with them seemed dangerous. Still, Jack McKen- ney had asked me to participate. 1)____

To attract the sharks, we laid out plastic boxes wired together and filled with frozen fish. Once dropped over the side, the boxes lay half in and half out of the water: As the bait thawed, a long line of blood and fish followed us. (2)____

The stars of the film promised to be blue sharks. Fast and slim-bodied with pointed snouts, they grow to 12 feet in length and are known to attack humans. (3)____I thought someone was welcoming our visitors by pounding rapidly on a large bass drum. Then I realised that the fierce pounding was the beating of my own heart.

The shark cage sat on the deck. It was mainly constructed from wire. The idea was to swim into the cage once under the water. The only hand-held weapon I was given was a broom handle.

By the time I got to the cage, five sharks were swimming around us. As they glided past, they seemed curious, and'I felt like something hung up in a meat market. (4)____Strangely, proximity seemed to calm my fear.

We began to hand-feed the sharks as they cruised by the cage. Several times, I offered a fish, then yanked it away at the crucial moment. Then I felt guilty about teasing the monsters and began to want more contact.

I decided to go outside the cage. (5)____“They tend to hit some part of your body that is not moving. Usually this means the head.”

Outside the cage and checking in all directions, I moved to where Jack was shooting one particular shark for the film. (6)____It put on a slight burst of speed and glided in my direction. I had ten seconds to get my own broom handle in position, and when the shark was a foot away, I hit it firmly, on the snout. The shark twisted away, and disappeared into the depths. Relieved, I realised the mildest show of aggression seemed to put these fellows off their feed.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (1) одним из пред­ло­жен­ных тек­сто­вых фраг­мен­тов.

 

1  — Sometimes, though, they get injured too.

2  — And Jack, a film maker, photographer and adventurer, was a diving legend.

3  — They have teeth that tear into flesh like hacksaws

4  — Ideally, a cruising shark would turn and follow the line to the boat.

1) 1
2) 2
3) 3
4) 4
44.  
i

A few years ago, a company called Space Marketing came up with a plan to send a mile-long advertisement into space. Using light reflected from the sun, it would beam out a message as large as the moon that could be seen by every single person on the planet as it orbited the Earth.

This would have been one advert that couldn't have been thrown out with the junk mail or switched off by remote control. (1)___ Advertising standards agencies eventually decided not to allow Space Marketing to go ahead with their plans and they were forced to abandon them, but not before several major companies had made serious enquiries about launching their logos into space.

Space may indeed be the final frontier for advertisers, because on Earth we are already surrounded by advertising wherever we are and whatever we are doing. (2)___ There are the promises of health and vitality on the cereal packet weate from this morning, for example, and the ad that we saw on the side of the bus we caught to work. Most of the time, we are probably not even aware of these less obvious advertising tactics, but that doesn't mean that they aren't effective. (3)___ You are in a packed cinema, watching the latest Hollywood blockbuster. There are adverts before the film or during a break in the film, but are there any during the film? Well, look carefully at the make of car your favourite actor is driving. And what about his watch? Can you see what brand it is? Chances are, you can, and the company that owns the brand is likely to have paid thousands for it to appear in the film.

Whilst products are most often placed' in this way in movies and TV series, they also sometimes appear in music videos, video games, plays and even books. (4)___ You may not realise you are being influenced by a technique that sounds so simple, but advertisers consider product placement to be a highly effective form of advertising. After all, they would not be willing to spend as much money as they do on it if they didn't truly believe it worked.

In fact, associating products with cool, exciting lives seems to be one of the most common forms of advertising. (5)___

And let's not forget the power of pure entertainment (6)___ If the consumers are looking forward to the next 'episode' of an ad, once again the product has become associated with something 'cool" and is therefore likely to See a considerable rise in popularity.

So, whether Space Marketing eventually succeeds in launching ads into space or not is perhaps a less important issue than it might seem.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (2) одним из пред­ло­жен­ных тек­сто­вых фраг­мен­тов.

 

1  — Apart from the obvious adverts that we see every day on TV, on billboards and in newspapers and magazines, there is a whole 'other world' of advertising messages fighting for our attention.

2  — However, this is a truly inescapable form of advertising.

3  — To advertising executives and agencies, it would have cen 'a dream come true'.

4  — Take 'product placement', for example.

1) 1
2) 2
3) 3
4) 4
45.  
i

Do you ever wonder what will become of your classmates? Can you spot who's going to become famous or get a really interesting job? Colin Bacon decided to look up some people he'd known at secondary school to find out just that.

1. The first person I found was Andrew. He'd always wanted to work in the music industry. He reminded me, "As a student, I used to do DJ work at the weekends. The academic side of university wasn't my main priority. After graduation, I did temporary jobs before getting into a record company as assistant to the marketing manager. I learnt a lot from him and progressed quickly. I'm now in charge of signing new bands. A typical week involves meetings with artists and producers. No two days are ever the same in this job and an average day can change in an instant if you hear a new band and you realise you're on to something big. The thrill of that makes all the dull days worthwhile."

2. Barbara was much more of a shock. She was always rather quiet at school. She explained, "After school I got a place at Art College,to do a four-year degree, but after a year I swapped to a Geography degree which I thought was more interesting. On that course, I met some people who were thinking of joining the army. I suddenly realised it was just the thing for me too. After graduation, I spent a year doing officer training and then shadowed another officer for two months before getting my own first commission." She now has fifty-five soldiers under her command. "Promotion depends on performance and time served, but I hope to have been promoted to the rank of captain in two years' time."

3. Carl was always a patient sort, so I wasn't surprised to find him still in the classroom. He told me, "In my last year at school, I considered teaching as a career, but I ended up doing two years of a medical degree instead. I never really felt committed to it and after two years switched to Biology. I chose a very practical training course where I spent a lot of time in Schools rather than in a lecture theatre. The advantage is that you build up a teaching style quite quickly, but you do miss out a bit on the educational theory behind it. I now work in an inner-city secondary school and the challenge is motivating the rather troublesome pupils to learn."

4. Biggest shock of all was Diane. She was quite scruffy at school and the last person I expected to be working as a fashion model. As she explained, "Anyone who says you become a model just because you're pretty is totally wrong. To be successful you need personality, drive, maturity as well as good looks. A model's job involves getting up early, performing miracles in front of the camera even when you feel awful. It is often exhausting. It's glamorous enough if you make it to the top, but most don't. Fortunately, I'm building up the experience necessary to start my own agency because modelling is not something you can do forever."

Про­чи­тай­те тек­сты. От­веть­те на во­про­сы. Вы­бе­ри­те номер тек­ста, от­ве­ча­ю­ще­го на во­прос.

 

Which of Colin's classmates has already been promoted to a more responsible position?

1) 1
2) 2
3) 3
4) 4
46.  
i

It was back in 1995, when my husband Eric was working as a rubbish collector for the local town council, that I first got the idea of recycling clothes. He would frequently find bags of perfectly good clothes just thrown into the rubbish. I wondered if I would be able to do something with them which would make money for me and perhaps even help the community at the same time. I decided to give it a try.

The first thing I did was to place an advertisement in the newspaper inviting people in the neighbourhood to bring me their second-hand clothing, shoes and bedding instead of throwing them away. Within a week, our garage was bursting with black plastic bags. (1)___ This kept me busy for weeks.

At the same time, I was also looking for a shop to rent where I could sell these items. (2)___ But it wasn't until I contacted Adventure, an organisation which helps people to set up their own businesses, that I finally got the assistance I needed. They helped me find the right shop and gave me advice about getting a business loan to get me started. That's how Second Best was born.

For my idea to work, I was going to need a steady supply of clothes. The town council already had recycling bins for paper, glass and the like. (3)___ I was able to make arrangements to have the clothes collected and brought to my shop, where I had installed laundry facilities to cope with all the washloads I needed to do!

It wasn't only making money in the shop that interested me, though. I was still eager for the community to benefit from my idea, too, so I started to find ways that the large quantities of very old or damaged clothing that I couldn't sell in the shop could be put to use. (4)___ Some of the old clothing is now turned into bandages for hospitals, for example, while one school in the area asks for old jeans to make into lunch bags.

Adventure believes in encouraging people by giving an annual Special Merit Award to the most successful new business they have helped. (5)___ Not only had I helped so many others, they said, but I had also had to overcome a difficulty. In 2000, my shop had been destroyed by fire and I had had to start the business all over again from Scratch.

Getting back on track wasn't easy. Not only did I have to search for another shop to rent, but I also had to spend time building up new stocks of clothes, as nearly all of the original stock had been destroyed. (6)___ Otherwise, I would have been forced to call it a day.

Today, twelve years after I first started up, Second Best is a very successful small business.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (4) одним из пред­ло­жен­ных тек­сто­вых фраг­мен­тов.

 

1  — In 2002, my turn came around.

2  — Once I had learnt the basic principles of managing my own business, I never looked back, they said.

3  — Once again, though, Adventure came to my aid, providing me with financial support through this difficult time.

4  — It turned out that there were plenty!

1) 1
2) 2
3) 3
4) 4
47.  
i

1. Claire Lippold, 23, works for the Bat Conservation Trust

I did a degree in biology, and studied bats as part of my thesis. When I saw the ad for this job, I thought it would be perfect for me. We get about ten thousand calls a year, many from people worried that if they have bats in their attics they can't have any building work done. They need the right advice, because the law protects bats. We're contracted by an organisation called Natural England to arrange a service whereby anybody with bats on their property can have a specialist volunteer come out and give information and advice about the creatures they're living with. Generally, once they have the information, they're happy.

2. Anthea McNufty, 26, works for NHS Direct, the phone-in helpline operated by the National Health Service

Having worked in nurse training for a while, I found I missed the patient contact I'd enjoyed doing nursing itself. When I saw this job, I thought of it as a way of getting some of that contact back - without the cleaning up! I remember the dread of what the calls might be about on my first day, but they give you so much training before you're let loose that you can handle it. It was a bit difficult not having the physical clues I'd have been able to pick up on the wards. But you very quickly get used to working with the computer, it makes you feel safe.

3. Agnes Thomson, 60, works for a major broadcasting company

Yesterday, I got lots of calls relating to weekly programmes, though there was quite a contrast: the radio show for the blind, 'In Touch", and "Watchdog' on TV. The 'In Touch' callers had heard of some new equipment and wanted further details. Watchdog is a consumer programme and people generally call me because they have a problem with a product from a company we've covered on the show. Quite often people phone to complain spontaneously, and when we call them again within ten days with a response, which we promise to do in some cases, they've forgotten what made them cross.

4. Caroline Hickman, 34, works for a company with a wide range of household products

I really get a lot out of the work. We have such a wide range of products - from beauty and haircare through to nappies (nenehuku) and household cleaners - that no two calls are ever the same. With laundry products, for example, we get lots of Specific queries - people want to know what to use with certain types of material. We can't always go into details of all the settings of different brands of machine, though. We also get a lot of calls about skincare from people who want to know about specific ingredients in our products. You also get fascinating insight into the country's lifestyles. For instance, we tend to get lots of calls about cleaning products on a Monday, presumably because people buy them over the weekend, then, towards Friday we'll get haircare and beauty because they're planning a night out.

Про­чи­тай­те тек­сты. От­веть­те на во­про­сы. Вы­бе­ри­те номер тек­ста, от­ве­ча­ю­ще­го на во­прос.

 

Which of the call-centre workers says that she gets back to certain callers within a given period of time?

1) 1
2) 2
3) 3
4) 4
48.  
i

A few years ago, a company called Space Marketing came up with a plan to send a mile-long advertisement into space. Using light reflected from the sun, it would beam out a message as large as the moon that could be seen by every single person on the planet as it orbited the Earth.

This would have been one advert that couldn't have been thrown out with the junk mail or switched off by remote control. (1)___ Advertising standards agencies eventually decided not to allow Space Marketing to go ahead with their plans and they were forced to abandon them, but not before several major companies had made serious enquiries about launching their logos into space.

Space may indeed be the final frontier for advertisers, because on Earth we are already surrounded by advertising wherever we are and whatever we are doing. (2)___ There are the promises of health and vitality on the cereal packet weate from this morning, for example, and the ad that we saw on the side of the bus we caught to work. Most of the time, we are probably not even aware of these less obvious advertising tactics, but that doesn't mean that they aren't effective. (3)___ You are in a packed cinema, watching the latest Hollywood blockbuster. There are adverts before the film or during a break in the film, but are there any during the film? Well, look carefully at the make of car your favourite actor is driving. And what about his watch? Can you see what brand it is? Chances are, you can, and the company that owns the brand is likely to have paid thousands for it to appear in the film.

Whilst products are most often placed' in this way in movies and TV series, they also sometimes appear in music videos, video games, plays and even books. (4)___ You may not realise you are being influenced by a technique that sounds so simple, but advertisers consider product placement to be a highly effective form of advertising. After all, they would not be willing to spend as much money as they do on it if they didn't truly believe it worked.

In fact, associating products with cool, exciting lives seems to be one of the most common forms of advertising. (5)___

And let's not forget the power of pure entertainment (6)___ If the consumers are looking forward to the next 'episode' of an ad, once again the product has become associated with something 'cool" and is therefore likely to See a considerable rise in popularity.

So, whether Space Marketing eventually succeeds in launching ads into space or not is perhaps a less important issue than it might seem.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (6) одним из пред­ло­жен­ных тек­сто­вых фраг­мен­тов.

 

1  — To a certain extent, this would not change a thing.

2  — The hope is to convince people to believe that if they can have the products, then they can have the cool, happy lifestyles of their heroes, too.

3  — Nowadays, many TV adverts have become more like soap operas with a series of humorous adventures complete with their own cast.

4  — Some advertising companies even employ 'cool hunters' or marketing professionals to find out for them exactly what young people find cool.

1) 1
2) 2
3) 3
4) 4
49.  
i

Today, there is a wide (1) ... of holidays available for all tastes and pockets. Once considered somewhat conventional as a choice of holiday, backpacking (пеший ту­ризм) has grown dramatically in (2) ... in recent years, especially among budget-conscious travellers who are looking for a more economic way of seeing the world. However, backpacking can be dangerous for your health. Packing your bag (3) ... can lead to injuries to your neck and spine. So you should (4) ... the load by putting bigger items close to your back. Aim for no more than 30 percent of your body weight; less is always better.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те под­хо­дя­щее по смыс­лу слово из пред­ло­жен­ных. B ответ за­пи­ши­те слово в той форме, в ко­то­рой оно долж­но сто­ять в пред­ло­же­нии. Пом­ни­те, что каж­дое слово может быть ис­поль­зо­ва­но толь­ко один раз и что за­дан­ную форму слова не­об­хо­ди­мо из­ме­нить. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (1).

 

POPULAR, LIGHT, VARY, CARE

50.  
i

Most people agree that the Oscars are the biggest film awards in the world. They are the most (1) ... awards anyone in the film business can win. They are called the Oscars after the golden statue which is given out to the winners. Why the statue is named Oscar remains (2) ... . Oscars are of great importance because winning one can really help a film to be successful or an actor to achieve (3) ... . As a result, an actor often gets offered lots more work and better films once he/she has won an award, as people take him/her more (4) ... .

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те под­хо­дя­щее по смыс­лу слово из пред­ло­жен­ных. B ответ за­пи­ши­те слово в той форме, в ко­то­рой оно долж­но сто­ять в пред­ло­же­нии. Пом­ни­те, что каж­дое слово может быть ис­поль­зо­ва­но толь­ко один раз и что за­дан­ную форму слова не­об­хо­ди­мо из­ме­нить. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (2).

 

SERIOUS, CERTAIN, RECOGNISE, PRESTIGE

51.  
i

Tea is an (1) ... popular drink with many people. It is estimated that the consumption of tea in England alone exceeds 165 million cups daily. Despite this, the drink was virtually (2) ... in England until about 400 years ago. The first reference to tea in England comes in a diary written in 1660. However, its (3) ... really took off after the marriage of King Charles II to Catherine of Braganza. It was her great love of tea that made it (4) ... .

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те под­хо­дя­щее по смыс­лу слово из пред­ло­жен­ных. B ответ за­пи­ши­те слово в той форме, в ко­то­рой оно долж­но сто­ять в пред­ло­же­нии. Пом­ни­те, что каж­дое слово может быть ис­поль­зо­ва­но толь­ко один раз и что за­дан­ную форму слова не­об­хо­ди­мо из­ме­нить. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (3).

 

FASHION, EXTREME, KNOWN, POPULAR

52.  
i

When I was a teenager, I used to play the flute in my school orchestra. (1) ..., in much of the music that we played, the sound of the flute was needed only occasionally, which, of course, upset me. Therefore, I spent a lot of my time during the performance counting the beats. Those minutes spent reciting "one, two, three, four" while the rest of the orchestra played seemed (2) ... . But they planted in my young brain the idea that there must be a (3) ... between music and number. For me, out of the (4) ... of orchestra practice, a new passion for mathematics was born.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­бе­ри­те под­хо­дя­щее по смыс­лу слово из пред­ло­жен­ных. B ответ за­пи­ши­те слово в той форме, в ко­то­рой оно долж­но сто­ять в пред­ло­же­нии. Пом­ни­те, что каж­дое слово может быть ис­поль­зо­ва­но толь­ко один раз и что за­дан­ную форму слова не­об­хо­ди­мо из­ме­нить. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (4).

 

FORTUNE, END, BORE, CONNECT

53.  
i

Many young people dream about a career in modelling. However, few of them realise exactly what it is like to be a professional model. It is (1) ... all glamour and riches. Only a (2) ... hopeful youngsters actually make it as professionals. (3) ... can be very hurtful to be told that you don't have (4) ... is needed.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (1) толь­ко одним сло­вом, под­хо­дя­щим по смыс­лу. Слово долж­но со­дер­жать не более 15 сим­во­лов.

54.  
i

Graffiti began in the 1960s in New York City when someone started writing his signature or "tag" on as man surfaces (1) ... he could. Other young people copied him and soon (2) ... were designs and paintings on walls everywhere. Graffiti is something you either love (3) ... hate. It is actually illegal and some countries try to deal with the problem by not allowing people under the (4) ... of 18 to buy spray paints.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (2) толь­ко одним сло­вом, под­хо­дя­щим по смыс­лу. Слово долж­но со­дер­жать не более 15 сим­во­лов.

55.  
i

Dear John,

I've just heard this morning that I got the job! To celebrate, I'm inviting a few friends to a small party next Saturday night. Do come and bring your new girl-friend. It should be fun! (1) ... me know whether you can make it or not, just in case I end up inviting too many people! The flat's not big (2) ... for a huge crowd I am (3) ... forward to seeing you.

Yours, Sally

Про­чи­тай­те текст. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (3) толь­ко одним сло­вом, под­хо­дя­щим по смыс­лу. Слово долж­но со­дер­жать не более 15 сим­во­лов.

56.  
i

Graffiti began in the 1960s in New York City when someone started writing his signature or "tag" on as man surfaces (1) ... he could. Other young people copied him and soon (2) ... were designs and paintings on walls everywhere. Graffiti is something you either love (3) ... hate. It is actually illegal and some countries try to deal with the problem by not allowing people under the (4) ... of 18 to buy spray paints.

Про­чи­тай­те текст. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск (4) толь­ко одним сло­вом, под­хо­дя­щим по смыс­лу. Слово долж­но со­дер­жать не более 15 сим­во­лов.

57.  
i

Про­чи­тай­те текст. Вы­пи­ши­те по два лиш­них слова в по­ряд­ке их предъ­яв­ле­ния в тек­сте.

 

The fax, I think, clearly has so enormous advantages over the past in that everything can be completed with greater. speed and without being the need to respond there and then and get caught chatting as happens on the phone.

58.  
i

Пе­ре­ве­ди­те на ан­глий­ский язык фраг­мент пред­ло­же­ния, дан­ный в скоб­ках.

 

There'll be (еще) bus along in a few minutes.

59.  
i

Пе­ре­ве­ди­те на ан­глий­ский язык фраг­мент пред­ло­же­ния, дан­ный в скоб­ках.

 

I'll just call Jimmy to (удо­сто­ве­рить­ся) certain he can look after the dog.

60.  
i

Пе­ре­ве­ди­те на ан­глий­ский язык фраг­мент пред­ло­же­ния, дан­ный в скоб­ках.

 

There was little surprise when the news was announced, (не так ли)?